5^th International Conference on Mental Health and Human Resilience March 07-08, 2019 Hotel Augusta Barcelona Valles, Spain

Alexander Reznik is Senior Research Associate of the Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University. He received his PhD from the Russian Academy of Sciences - the Institute of Psychology, (Moscow). He has served in key education and research roles with the Far Eastern Federal University and the Maritime State University (Russia). He is author of books and scientific publications on substance abuse among high risk populations including issues of immigration, school dropout and acculturation. His research interests include multicultural aspects of substance abuse, resilience factors of substance abuse and statistical methods in addictology.

Substance use was studied among 537 Israeli male (76%; n=407) and female (24%; n=130) high school youth (M age-15.0 years) from 2013-2016. A valid and reliable data collection instrument was used. Demographic factors used for analysis were age, gender, country of origin (e.g., Israel, former Soviet Union, and Ethiopia), and regular or residential school status. The study aim was to understand substance risk and protection factors that may influence resilience to prevent substance use. For the entire study cohort, findings evidence current last 30 day cigarette smoking (37.6%); alcohol use (53.9%) including binge drinking (21.0%); as well as inhalant (5.5%) and cannabis (3.9%) use. No differences were found among the youth based on gender status. Immigrant origin youth reported higher levels of smoking, alcohol, cannabis and inhalant use than those with Israeli origin status. Youth in residential facilities reported higher levels of substance use than those attending regular school. Family low socio-economic and/or immigrant status were risk factors linked to substance use among residential school youth. For both regular and residential high school youth, the main risk factors were easy access of harmful substances and being involved with non-structured night activity. Religiosity and good relationships with family members and friends were protection factors for both study groups. Study findings have relevance for policy, service provision, and the training of program personnel to promote mental health and human resilience among youth.

Manami Amagai is a Professor in the field of Psychiatric Nursing at Kyoto University in Japan. She interested in mental health to residents and supporters after the disaster occurred. She is searching internationally for collaborators who develop mental health services after disasters.

Purpose: Seven years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent Fukushima Nuclear Disaster occurred in Fukushima in 2011. Residents are still faced many difficulties. The role of public health nurses that supports those victims continuously is large in the community. However, how to support themselves as public health nurses is an urgent task, but it is in a fumbling state. The purpose of this study was to clarify the resilience of public health nurses who supported evacuee residents from the disaster aftermath for six years and to examine a support approach that is tailored to the feelings of the public health nurses. Methodology: The content of the interview was divided into two aspects: the difficulty and support for public health nursing activities after the disaster. They were analyzed qualitatively. Findings: Public health nurses assisted evacuees in the shortage of supplies and information immediately after the disaster, and became overworked. In addition, a new health problem due to prolonged evacuation life, human relations with residents who turn to hostile hostility, situations where self-care can’t be done despite being victims by job priority was under pressure. However, supplementary support by the medical team, mutual cooperation with residents, emotional support by close friends, pride as a public health nurse were supposed to be supported. Conclusion & Significance: Due to the disaster, the sense of responsibility to be a public health nurse is the driving force of the activity. On the other hand, they become heavy pressure, causing physical and mental exhaustion. It was suggested that a support system is needed to consult the public health nurse herself so that mental health can be maintained.

Philippa Shaw is in her second year of study working towards a PhD in Psychology. She is investigating the topic the impact of GP burnout on patient care, at the University of Westminster. The presented study is one of the pieces of research which will contribute to her PhD thesis.

General practice, the foundation of our primary care in England, is in crisis. Over the last decade there have been a growing number of patients with increasing complex health needs - a trend of mounting workload for GPs which has failed to be matched by the necessary funding and workforce. Recently concern for the wellbeing of our GPs has risen, with over half of the GPs across Britain showing signs of burnout. Burnout has been described as a syndrome characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a lack of personal accomplishment. The suggested associations with burnout for a GP are far reaching, from a reduced ability to listen and empathize with patients to increased rates of depression and suicide. To date, no research has tried to directly explore the shared personal experience of burnout for GPs within the current NHS climate. It is important to give voice to GPs working on the front line of healthcare to inform future research and healthcare policy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to increase our understanding of the experiences of GPs who self-identify as experiencing burnout. In person interviews were organized with GPs which explored topics such as overall experience of burnout and techniques the GP uses to maintain work quality. Transcribed interviews were analysed using interpretive phenomenology analysis, an approach within qualitative research which allows the researcher to gain insights into a subjective experience and interpret how the participant makes sense of their experience, in this case, the experience of GP burnout.

Tomoko Yamanouchi works as an Assistant Professor in the field of Psychiatric Nursing at Kyoto University, after working as a nurse at a mental hospital. Her research mainly deals with the changes in mental health of disaster victims and mental health in nursing workplaces.

Introduction: The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 caused unprecedented damage, forcing victims to live in evacuation areas for an extended time until now. Understanding the psychological stresses experienced by the evacuees and their will (resilience) to cope with numerous hardships that accompany the changes in the living environment is essential to provide continuous long-term support in the future. Objective: This study aimed to understand the resilience and its related factors of disaster victims who live for an extended time in evacuation areas, five years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2016, five years after the earthquake. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) was used as the resilience scale. The questionnaire consisted of mental health, demographic data, activity status, social capital-related items, stressors, and stress relieving methods. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out by using the factors with the value of Cramer association greater than 0.1 and CD-RISC10 total score as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. Findings: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted for 8564 people, and responses were obtained from 3389 people (39.5% collection rate). After excluding data with missing values, the data from 2908 subjects were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being purposeful (OR:1.77,95% CI:1.39-2.25), accepting myself (OR:2.07,95% CI:1.66-2.59), not worrying too much (OR:2.03,95% CI:1.60-2.58), acquisition of social resources and information (OR:1.50,95% CI:1.19-1.89), and laughter (OR:1.40,95% CI:1.11-1.75) were significantly related to resilience. Conclusions: Our results suggest that two-pronged assistance that focuses on realistic countermeasures, such as obtaining information and having specific goals, and emotional coping methods, such as accepting oneself and laughing, are necessary to improve the resilience of disaster victims who live uncertainly in evacuation areas for an extended time.

Al Khatib Rashid Al Saadi, MD, graduated from college of Medicine at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman and first year Psychiatry Resident in Oman Medical Speciality Board. He is interested in drug addiction and participant in community psychiatry awareness programs and campaigns.

Introduction: It is indicated that Oman is witnessing an increase in issues pertinent to alcohol and drug abuse. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of drug abusers attending a detox hospital in Oman and the pattern of their healthcare services utilization. Related aim was to ascertain the age group most vulnerable to alcohol and drug abuse. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center for alcohol and drug abuse in Oman. The patients who are in treatment for detox were selected from a convenience sample from among patients who were seeking consultation for alcohol and drug abuse at the center. A six-part questionnaire was designed to solicit their socio-demographic background and clinical history, as well as healthcare utilization and its perceived barriers. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate significance of differences among categorical data. Logistic regression modelling was used to obtain measures of associations after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: Among patients (n=293) seeking detox, 99% were male and younger than 30 years. A peer influence on the initiation to substance abuse problems was significant. Most patients had poly-substance abuse problems including intravenous drug abuse. Cannabis and alcohol were the first substances consumed by most patients. Hepatitis C and psychiatric disorders were found to be the most common co-morbidities. Those dependent on cannabis and benzodiazepines were more likely to perceive “improvement” upon receiving detox. Conclusion: This study indicates that males below 30 years of age with poly substance abuse problems are likely to attend a detox hospital in Oman. This study has identified the socio-demographic background, risk factors and perceived barriers that could lay groundwork for further scrutiny on emerging substance abuse problems in Oman.

Harith Hamood Said Al Aamri, MD, graduated from College of Medicine at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman. Currently he is in the third year of Psychiatry residency in Oman Medical Speciality Board. He is interested in eating disorders and somatoform disorders and participant in community psychiatry awareness programs and campaigns.

Introduction: Existing psychiatric nomenclature has dwelled on the view that cardinal distress among youngsters with deliberate food restriction is termed “fatphobia”. As per international psychiatric classifications, deliberate self-harm is often conceived as being an integral part of anorexia nervosa. Follow-up data from non-western populations have minimized the centrality of this condition. Aims: To compare the performance on indices of deliberate food restriction, fatphobia and psychosomatically expressed psychological distress among Euro-American and Omani children living in Oman, an Arabian Gulf country. Methods: The presence of eating disorders was tapped into using the Eating Attitude Test. Eating Disorder Inventory and Bradford Somatic Inventory solicited the presence of psychosomatically expressed psychological distress among Euro-American and Omani children living in the urban areas of Oman. Results: The data suggest dichotomous performance with nonwestern children showing higher endorsement on indices of psychosomatically expressed psychological distress than western counterpart who showed more propensity toward fatphobia. Conclusion: If the present finding withstands further scrutiny, existing psychiatric nomenclatures need to incorporate data from non-western societies that comprise of 80% of the global population. The present finding has significant implications for unearthing what is universal, versus what is cultural in order to lay the groundwork for understanding the emerging epidemic of deliberate food restriction around the world.

Hanoof Alkhalaf is a graduate of King Saud Medical School. She trained in psychiatry at the University of Saud department of psychiatry .Hanoof interested in mental health researches and awareness. She is planning to build up program of stigma awareness in Saudi Arabia .Hanoof is member in National committee for mental Health promotion. She is active participant in Empowerment Program ", which aims to empower medical students to face and overcome their psychological stressors that affect their academic performance. She is volunteering in program and research about Prevalence of stress &Psychiatric illness among residents of the Saudi commission for Health Specialties.

Stigma plays a powerful role in an individual’s attitude towards mental illness and in their seeking psychiatric and psychological services. Assessing stigma from the perspective of people with mood disorders is important as these disorders have been ranked as major causes of disability. Our aim in this study is to determine the extent and impact of stigma experiences in Saudi patients with depression and bipolar disorder, and to examine stigma experiences across cultures. Ninety-three individuals with a mood disorder were interviewed at King Saud University Medical City using the Inventory of Stigmatizing Experiences (ISE). We detected no significant differences in experiences of stigma or stigma impact in patients with bipolar vs. depressive disorder. However, over 50% of respondents reported trying to hide their mental illness from others to avoiding situations that might cause them to feel stigmatized. In comparison with a Canadian population, the Saudi participants in this study scored significantly lower on the ISE, which might be due to cultural differences. More than half of the Saudi participants with a mood disorder reported avoiding situations that might be potentially stigmatizing. Comparing stigma there are higher levels of stigma in Canada and Korea than in Saudi Arabia. Our results suggest that cultural differences and family involvement in patient care can significantly impact self-stigmatization. The ISE is a highly reliable instrument across cultures.